Neurons
are specialized cells that produce and conduct “impulses,” or nerve signals.
Neurons consist of a cell body, which contains a nucleus and two types of
cytoplasmic extensions, dendrites, and axons. Dendrites are thin, highly
branched extensions that receive signals. Axons are tubular extensions that
transmit nerve impulses away from the cell body, often to another neuron. Nerve
tissue also has supporting cells, called neuroglia or glial cells, which
nourish the neurons, insulate the dendrites and axons, and promote quicker
transmission of signals.
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