Proteins
are large, complex molecules composed of smaller structural subunits called
amino acids. All proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, and
sometimes sulfur, phosphorus, and iron. Human life could not exist without
proteins. The enzymes that are required for all metabolic reactions are
proteins. Proteins also are important to structures like muscles, and they act
as both transporters and signal receptors.
Type of Protein Examples of Functions
Defensive Antibodies
that respond to invasion
Enzymatic Increase
the rate of reactions; build and breakdown molecules
Hormonal Insulin
and glucagon, which control blood sugar
Receptor Cell
surface molecules that cause cells to respond to signals
Storage Store
amino acids for use in metabolic processes
Structural Major
components of muscles, skin, hair
Transport Hemoglobin
carries oxygen from lungs to cells
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