Lysosomes,
first observed by Belgian biochemist Christian de Duve (1917–) in the early
1950s, are single, membrane-bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes. The digestive
enzymes break down all the major classes of macromolecules including proteins,
carbohydrates, fats, and nucleic acids. Throughout a cell’s lifetime, the lysosomal
enzymes digest old organelles to make room for newly formed organelles. The
lysosomes allow cells to continually renew themselves and prevent the
accumulation
of
cellular toxins.
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